Thelma Johnson Streat was a painter and dancer who used her art to promote racial equity and education. Thelma Beatrice Johnson was born in 1911 or 1912 in the Eastern Washington town of Yakima. The Johnson family moved several times during Thelma’s childhood, with stints in Pendleton and Boise before settling permanently in Portland by 1920. Her father, James Johnson, was an artist and encouraged Thelma to become an artist herself from an early age. While still in high school, Thelma began winning local art prizes. She graduated from Portland’s Washington High School in 1932 and immediately launched her career as a professional artist.

In 1933, the Oregon Federation of Colored Women had an art exhibit at the New York Public Library. Several of Johnson’s works were featured in the show, and the exhibit gave her new exposure within the broader American art community. Johnson studied painting at Portland’s Museum Art School (today known as the Pacific Northwest College of Art) from 1934-1935, and at the University of Oregon
in 1936.

In 1935, Thelma married Romaine Virgil Streat, a boxer who modeled for her drawing class. The couple moved to San Francisco where Thelma found work with the Federal Art Project, a Depression-era relief program for artists. Thelma’s work attracted the attention of acclaimed painter Diego Rivera, who she collaborated with on a mural for the 1939 Golden Gate Exposition. Rivera would write, “The work of Thelma Johnson Streat is in my opinion one of the most interesting manifestations in this country at the present. It is extremely evolved and sophisticated enough to reconquer the grace and purity of African and American art.” Rivera even painted Johnson into one of his own murals, which is today on the City College of San Francisco campus.

Thelma continued to grow as a solo artist. Her paintings were exhibited at San Francisco’s De Young Museum and the San Francisco Museum of Art. One of her works, Rabbit Man, was purchased by New York’s Museum of Modern Art in 1941, making it the first piece by a Black woman included in their permanent collection.

Thelma used her art to promote racial equality. Works like her “Death of a Negro Sailor” criticized segregation, and she debuted a series of paintings called “The Negro History” depicting prominent people of African descent from the past. She also began practicing interpretive dance in the 1940s, performing around the world for dignitaries like Eleanor Roosevelt and Queen Elizabeth II.

In 1948, Thelma divorced her husband and married her manager, John Kline. Thelma and John moved to Hawaii and opened a children’s art school. They later opened another on Salt Spring Island in British Columbia. Here, Thelma taught her students art and dance inspired by African, Polynesian and First Nations traditions.

Thelma enrolled at UCLA to study anthropology in 1956, but suffered a heart attack and died there that same year. Her brief but prolific career was largely forgotten in the decades that followed. Today, Thelma is finally being recognized as one of the most important West Coast artists of the early 20th century. Paintings by Thelma are today part of the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco Museum of Art, Portland Art Museum, and the National Museum of African American History and Culture.